March babies claim one of the coolest gems in the jewelry world: aquamarine, the serene blue variety of the mineral beryl. True to its name — derived from the Latin aqua (water) and marina (sea) — aquamarine captures the tranquil hues of ocean waves in gemstone form.
A breathtaking example resides in the Smithsonian’s National Gem Collection: a 52-carat aquamarine ring donated in 1992 by Samantha Stevens. The gem boasts an intense, saturated blue hue and is set in an unusual yellow gold mounting, where ribbon-like prongs appear to “float” over the corners of the stone.
Aquamarine belongs to the versatile beryl family, which includes some of the most beloved gems in jewelry. Emerald, the rich green variety, gets its color from trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. Morganite, known for its blush pink to peach tones, derives its hue from manganese. Heliodor, or yellow beryl, glows golden thanks to iron (Fe2+). In fact, pure beryl is completely colorless — it’s the presence of trace elements that transforms the crystal into a rainbow of gemstones.
For aquamarine, that magic ingredient is a slightly different type of iron (Fe3+). Tiny amounts within the crystal lattice produce shades ranging from pale blue to vivid blue-green. The gem can even display pleochroism, appearing deeper blue from one angle and lighter from another. The most prized aquamarines exhibit a rich, clear blue reminiscent of tropical waters.
Beyond beauty, aquamarine offers durability. Ranking 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs hardness scale, it’s well suited for rings and everyday jewelry when properly set. Routine care is simple: warm water, mild soap and a soft brush will keep it sparkling.
Aquamarine’s history is as captivating as its color. Ancient sailors believed the gem was a treasure from Neptune, the Roman god of the sea, and carried it for protection on long voyages. Medieval brides wore aquamarine to ensure harmony in marriage, and today it symbolizes youth, hope, health and fidelity. It’s also the traditional gemstone gift for a 19th wedding anniversary.
Royal fans have embraced its oceanic elegance, too. The late Queen Elizabeth II famously adored aquamarines, often wearing pieces from her Brazilian Aquamarine Parure, including a striking tiara and matching jewels that shimmered beneath palace lights.
Aquamarines can be found in many countries, including Nigeria, Zambia, Pakistan, Myanmar, Madagascar, Vietnam, Mozambique and the US, but the finest-quality specimens come from the Minas Gerais region of Brazil.
Credit: Photo by Greg Polley / Smithsonian.